Conversations about backyard chickens, quail and turkeys with a side of humor

Veterinarian Tips on Managing Worms in Chickens, turkeys and quail

• Carey Blackmon

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In this episode of Poultry Nerds, we sit down with Dr. M — our resident poultry vet — to get real about worms in backyard flocks.  From the most common culprits (roundworms, tapeworms, cecal worms) to why a fecal float test matters, Dr. M breaks down:

  • ✅ What types of worms chickens typically get — and how common each is. 

  • 🔬 How a fecal flotation test works: mixing droppings with solution so worm eggs rise — then viewing under a microscope to spot the parasites. 

  • 🎯 Why even free-range birds can have worms — and how worm eggs can linger in soil for years, reinfecting flocks. 

  • 🧹 Best practices for prevention: quarantine new birds, rotate pasture, clean or turn over soil — plus when to consider deworming. 

  • ⚠️ The risks of heavy worm loads — from reduced egg production to intestinal blockages, poor growth, or even death. 

If you raise chickens — whether a small flock or a full backyard setup — this is essential listening. 🐣

➡️ Timestamps

  • 0:00 — Intro & quick background on Dr. M
  • 2:15 — Cold weather & worms — do they survive?
  • 5:30 — What a fecal float test is & how to get one done
  • 10:00 — Common worms: roundworms, tapeworms, cecal worms
  • 16:45 — How worms spread & contaminate soil
  • 22:00 — Treatment, dewormers, and why you must check withdrawal times
  • 26:30 — Prevention: spacing, rotation, biosecurity
  • 30:00 — Q&A: eggs, worms, wild birds, and natural remedies

Don’t forget: check the show notes for a link to the approved-meds site (FARAD.org) when using dewormers — especially for birds you plan to eat or collect eggs from.

Join Carey of Show Pro Farm Supply and Jennifer of Bryant's Roost as we delve into chickens and quail (mostly)  to help you enjoy your birds more and worry less. Backyard chicken keeping shouldnt be stressfull, let's get back to the simple days

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Jennifer:

Welcome poultry nerds. We are back with the famous Dr. M at this point. She we're gonna have to give her like, um, British MIA number, what is it? MI five number, MI six numbers. Well, she can, oh, that would be

Carey:

fun.

Jennifer:

She can be our double O. 9 0 0 9. I just mean it has a ring to it. The top of my head. Wait a minute. Wasn't there a doctor M on oh oh seven, like the receptionist or something?

Carey:

I think so. Yeah. There was a doctor. Something.

Dr. Morishita:

Yeah, we're just being silly, but I think there is a Dr. MI don't know. I'll have

Jennifer:

to look it up now. We're gonna have everybody looking. Y'all look it up and get back to us so we don't have to look it up.

Carey:

There you go.

Jennifer:

That's your homework for today. So. She is back today so we can learn all about worms and what to do with them and what not to do with them and all those good things. So welcome back. It's good to have you back again. Thank you. So she said it was cold out there at 68 degrees and it's like 27 here. So do you have worms at 27? Is, is worms an issue in cold weather?

Dr. Morishita:

Well, actually they are, and they like to, they preserve longer.

Carey:

Well, that's not good.

Dr. Morishita:

You know, it's like. You can, all these disease causing ages, they can be kept in suspension by the cold. So watch out for Dr. M.

Carey:

What how can you identify. I know there's several different types of worms. How do you know what the bird has before it's too late?

Dr. Morishita:

So usually what is done is they perform a fecal flotation test. And that is mixing the feces or poop with a solution and you mix it for the solution. That allows the solution, allows all the worm eggs to float to the surface. So you have to keep it time because about 10 minutes is when you would get all the eggs on the surface of the liquid. And then you take that slide and you look at under the microscope and from the shape of these, we call'em ovum or eggs, the worm eggs. By the shape of them, you can tell what kind of worms you've got. So common ones for poultry would be round worms, tape worms. You have fecal worms, all different types of worms. Where do you get a fecal done? You can get a fecal done at your local vet hospital, or you could go to a diagnostic lab. Could you learn to do it yourself? Not unless you learn how to identify all the different worm eggs. Okay, that's fair. And to distinguish them from pollen or something like that.

Carey:

I was gonna say, you can actually order the liquid that you suspend it with. On Amazon.

Jennifer:

Mm-hmm.

Carey:

And if you have a microscope that you can hook a camera up to, you can take a picture of it and you can use Google images to really narrow your search down.

Jennifer:

Hey.

Carey:

But I'll say it's just like using ai. It's not always right, and until you learn specifically what those worms look like and your bird's poop, if you think your bird's sick, you need to get it checked out by a pro. If I was, just myself. And I was checking my birds. I would probably do the fecal float and if I saw something floating, I would get some fresh and take it to a vet or a lab or somewhere and have it checked by a pro.

Jennifer:

Some load is normal, right? No.

Dr. Morishita:

No, but you know, when you do a fecal float, you could, you, these are so microscopic, those eggs you wouldn't be able to see. But you know, and then plus, like you said, we have to have a light microscope that's easy. Gonna be over$2,000. Hey, I

Carey:

didn't say it would be cheap, but if you're gonna be a poultry nerd. You need one.

Jennifer:

Okay. So, no, but I,

Dr. Morishita:

I would say like if you went to a state diagnostic lab, you know, a lot of states have programs for backyard poultry owners, and sometimes they, it's more of a discount too. Oh yeah. That would be their first choice, you know, because. Every state is trying to monitor diseases within its state, so Right. A lot of the states have it at a reduced cost. I mean, you can check with your state,

Jennifer:

okay. So let's go back for just a minute. So no load, um, is, you don't want any load worm load at all.

Dr. Morishita:

No, you don't because these worms can build up. Over time.

Jennifer:

Mm-hmm.

Dr. Morishita:

Especially if treatment, I think what you're thinking about is another parasite called coccidia, where you want a little of it. Yeah. So that you build up immunity but you don't want a whole bunch where then you'll start having, diarrhea, bloody diarrhea, Foley.

Jennifer:

Right. Diarrhea. Gotcha. So

Dr. Morishita:

that's, that's for another parasite called coccidia. That type of parasite is called protozoan.

Jennifer:

Gotcha.

Dr. Morishita:

So worms usually belong to the class called nematodes. So they're like circular. Then you have the CTOs, which are the tapeworms, and those are flat and in segments. Okay. Tapeworms require like an insect host, like a darkling beetle or like an ant or a cricket that ingests a tapeworm eggs. And then when a bird eats that insect, then they usually get a tapeworm.

Jennifer:

Okay, so if they're a healthy bird though, do they, do they expel the worm

Dr. Morishita:

Well, oh, so a bird that is born healthy and is just hatched and is kept in a clean environment, you will not have any worms at all. That's why when you get poultry from different sources and you're bringing on to your farm. You always wanna have a quarantine period, and at that time you do a fecal exam to make sure you don't have any worms. If you do, you treat'em then because once you bring it onto your main farm area, those worms, like the round worms last a long time. Some records are like eight years in the soil because they have such a heavy duty shell that they will survive in the environment. Cooler better. But that's where a lot of the problems lie. You bring in some new bird, you don't know if they have worms, and then you have this, and if you keep them in a close enclosed areas, that builds up a lot of these worm eggs in the soil so that when the birds peck on the ground or eating something on the ground, they might ingest these worm eggs and then that worm eggs. Hatches this larvae and it goes through the body and then it, you know, into the adult form, and then it stays in the intestine and it continues to shed eggs. And that's how you seed or contaminate your soil. So the worms are a, a numbers gain. You, they, you're there, they're in the soil there longer. You're gonna build up a lot of worms in your birds.

Jennifer:

What my guess my question is, if you have free ranging chickens, they're eventually gonna come across eating worms, but is it possible for them to eat them but not get infested

Dr. Morishita:

you? They have to eat the worm egg, so you can't see the worm eggs in the soil. See every bird that has a adult worm in its intestines, that worm, that adult worm in the intestines is going to shed eggs. And those egg worm eggs, or what we call as oum or ova, those would be shed into the soil and those stand the soil. And then that's where the bird can ingest that when it has infective larvae. Then that cycle perpetuates in the bird. So if you had a free range, like a large area, the birds are gonna be pooping all in that area. So the concentration is less if you have a bigger yard. But if I have a confined area and I've got birds that have worms and they keep on shedding this oum. Into the soil and the area is a small, let's say you got a nine by nine foot, and over time it's gonna build up a lot of those warm eggs there. So your flocks that are con consistently staying on that soil will get more exposure to worm eggs than one that has a large yard. Because they're running all over, the birds are running all over the place. They're not at a. Concentrated area.

Carey:

So is there anything that you can do to treat the ground, to kill those?

Dr. Morishita:

I mean, you could do very harsh chemicals, but most people do not. So what you would, if you have a very high worm load, you should turn the top three inches of soil over, and that way you reduce the exposure of worms because. Getting a worm infection is a numbers game. The more you ingest, the more likely you'll have more worms.

Jennifer:

Gotcha. Okay, so let's talk about all the different kinds. But we all, we start with eggs for all the different kinds. They all start the same, right,

Dr. Morishita:

As they're ovum. So you eat there and in that egg is like the living, the larvae. It, they ingest that. And then you have your worms developing in the intestines.

Jennifer:

Okay? So there's a worm that is in their throat, a GA worm. How common are ga worms?

Dr. Morishita:

Ga worms. You occasionally see it. So again, you probably see it more if you got a lot of. Birds with ga worms in a confined area. So again, you can hear that confined area, more exposure, more worm eggs coming out, more birds pecking on the ground and ingesting them and they get them. But of all the worms, I would say the most common that we find in chickens would be the roundworm. If people have worms.

Jennifer:

And that's the one that looks like a big

Dr. Morishita:

ball of

Jennifer:

spaghetti, right?

Dr. Morishita:

Yes. It looks like, let's say gummy worms, but so they're circular and they're all, but they're all white. Thin white,

Carey:

okay. That just killed gummy worms for me for a while. Like spaghetti. It's

Dr. Morishita:

smaller. It's smaller, thinner than, or smaller diameter than spaghetti. But when you treat it. You've got such a heavy worm, they could form a ball and that's what causes the death of chickens because you'll have a mass ball, like an impaction because they all die at the same time and they're all adults, so they form like a ball of spaghetti, but the bird actually

Jennifer:

dies of impaction. Right,

Dr. Morishita:

If you got a lot of worms in you, that's why they say that you have to watch out. To ha. If you've got big numbers like that, you can have a lot of impaction for the sudden and death of all the birds that'll form a mass in the intestines. Okay. I mean, hopefully nobody has that bad infection. Hopefully, but it can be. It can be. If you don't, take care of your birds,

Carey:

that'd be a really bad, infectious way to

Dr. Morishita:

die.

Jennifer:

Okay. What would be the second most common after roundworms

Dr. Morishita:

then? I would say maybe tapeworms, which is a flattened worm that has a lot of little segments and, um, it's not that common as, but you, occasionally you might find it, but if you look at the birds poop, you will see these tiny little white of the size of a grain of rice. The little segments of the tapeworm and they, they move. So we, we often see these in our dogs and cats. Yep. I was just gonna say,

Jennifer:

I've seen that in a cat before.

Dr. Morishita:

They can move those little segments. Mm-hmm.

Jennifer:

Okay. So what do you do if you notice these things?

Dr. Morishita:

Well, if you notice these things, then you should treat them. You should know, like how intense an infection that you have, because again, you kill'em all at the same time. They're all gonna be balling up and you get your spaghetti ball.

Jennifer:

So you wanna kill'em a little bit at a time?

Dr. Morishita:

The problem is you shouldn't get your infection that bad. And so you can tell how ma, how bad an infection you have. By doing a fecal float. And then you can see how many worms, eggs that you have in that fecal sample that you have. Sometimes they'll, you might see the version like maybe five eggs per field. Mm-hmm. Microscope field, or then you might have TNTC to numerous to count. You have two numerous to count. That's probably means you got a lot of adult worms in the intestines.

Jennifer:

So is there a one, one med kills all worms or do you have to get a specific dewormer?

Dr. Morishita:

Well, you could try one medicine, like, but when you treat. Worms. That's why you should always work a veterinarian because there are approved use for worms. So let's say for laying hands, if you have worms, you could use Femazole, but you must check the F-A-R-A-D site because that one, you need me to repeat that?'cause I had those little bounce.

Jennifer:

FA, it's F-A-A-R-D, right?

Dr. Morishita:

F-A-R-A-D, Farrad. It's called Farrad, F-A-R-A-D. So you look at Farrad and you look at poultry because this is a good site if you raise food, animals to always look there because it tells you what drugs are approved for use in food, animals, and the withdrawal times.

Jennifer:

We will put a link on the description below for that. Okay. So do some medicines have lifetime withdrawals?

Dr. Morishita:

That one would be if you look at the site, different medicines have different withdrawal times. Withdrawal times means that your last treatment, you gotta wait a certain number of days. Before you can eat the product so that you would have to check for each different ones. And what is really important is that, okay, as veterinarians, we know that and we, we keep track on the Ferd site to make sure that we do that for clients. So you, a drug might be approved now, but maybe a year from now it might not. So that's why you always have to. Take a look at that and be current. What would some,

Jennifer:

what would be some reasons why, uh, the drug you treated the bird with might not be safe to consume the eggs or meat?

Dr. Morishita:

There could be when you treat with a drug, sometimes some of it's chemical byproduct remains in the animal. So I'm gonna give you another example. Not. On worms, but on medications, antibiotics. Okay, so we need a withdrawal time because if there's a antibiotic withdrawal time and you don't follow it, some of that antibiotic can remain in the product. And there are some people who are allergic to medications and they get allergic, and sometimes it can be fatal. So that's why it's really important that you have, and a good example would be like sulfur drugs. Some people cannot take sulfur drugs and they get allergic. So there's been cases that I know of that people have eaten, sulfur, the byproducts of sulfur, and they didn't know they were allergic and then they had kidney failure. And I know that particular individual passed away. They don't know. They, they take that, so that's why it's really good to look for the withdrawal times. And if the drug is not listed, you really can't do that, or the veterinarian has to be justified to use that.

Jennifer:

It also kind of raises alarm bells for me because people buy or trade adult animals and you kind of don't know their history a lot of times, and then you might take'em home to eat'em, right? Yeah. Wow. That's a whole nother ball of worms. A can of worms. Yeah.

Dr. Morishita:

But that's for the medication. That's why the withdrawal time's really important, mm-hmm. It doesn't, you might not think it does, but it really matters because who knows who's allergic to what. Yeah. You don't know. Maybe there's some little byproduct of the drug meta, the drug being breaking down. And then you don't know like, oh my God, I'm allergic to femazole. That's why we have the withdrawal times for safety, human safety, right? So what is your, and some drugs don't have withdrawal time or they're not licensed to use. No withdrawal times. There have been no research on that. So they don't list a withdrawal time.

Jennifer:

So now you're talking about off-label use, like using goat dewormers.

Dr. Morishita:

So you know you have to watch out for yourself.

Jennifer:

So off-label, use

Dr. Morishita:

the what

Jennifer:

off-label use. Like people would go to Tractor Supply and buy safeguard for goats or cattle. And then try to do the math that way. What? What's your opinion of that?

Dr. Morishita:

You mean by buy? Do wormers for Sheep and gold center use it on poultry. Yes. That's your own risk. You're taking your own risk. So that

Jennifer:

would be another, your farm, your rules. Exactly.

Carey:

People do it all the time.

Dr. Morishita:

Yeah. Unfortunately. That's the risk, that you, your old risk, you take no. Veterinarian would allow, would do that.

Jennifer:

What do you think about routine deworming? Do you find that necessary? Like some people wanna do it once a month or with the seasons or things like that? What do you think about that?

Dr. Morishita:

Well, initially, if you've got worms, you're gonna probably treat them. The lifecycle of the worm is approximately two weeks, so some people treat as often trying to kill the adult so that there'll be no eggs. But if you don't clean the ground and those birds are still picking up the ova in the ground, or you're gonna re reinfection, you gotta continue that forever. I would say that if you've got a new flock, before you even bring birds in, keep'em in a quarantine zone, test them, and at that point you treat'em there, you keep them. If they got worms, you keep them for two or three weeks later, you treat them again and you keep'em doing it until they're negative. Because I'll tell you, if you've got no worms and you, you can't have birds with no worms. It's cheaper for you. You don't have to deworm them and you got a clean flock. It's only when you start introducing new birds in, that's how you can affect your entire flock. So if people got worms, try to treat them. And we know that if they're in cages, they're gonna get less worms'cause they're not eating their poop. But then most people like to have the birds free. But if you have a lot of worms, then you gotta turn the top soil over the top three inches to just try and reduce the exposure of your birds to the worm egg.

Jennifer:

Okay, so I just wanna kind of recap for one second just to make sure I'm understanding. So the birds can eat a worm. That's not a problem. It's when they're digging around and they get a hold of a worm. Egg is the problem, right? So if you,'cause,

Dr. Morishita:

uh, those eggs have to mature, of course, when you eat a worm, there might be worm eggs in there, but those worm eggs have to mature to the. The correct stage where it becomes infective. Gotcha.

Jennifer:

All right. That makes sense.

Dr. Morishita:

But yeah, and usually the worms will stand intestines unless you got so many. Then they will, those, the adult worms may come out and we all know that birds have that common opening called the ika, and that's where the, the end of the digestive tract. Meets the end of the urinary track, meets the end of the reproductive track. So sometimes when those adult, there's so many worms, those adult worms come out and then they, they go back one of the openings and they just happen to go into the reproductive track. And that's how you can have eggs that have these little roundworms in them. Now, most times commercially, we have all those heavy duty like Candling lights that all the eggs pass through. And if you see something in the egg they poke it, take it out, and then those never get into commercial eggs that you see in the grocery store. But if you have your own farm and you have a heavy infection, if you don't candle'em, you might just crack open an egg and you'll find. The worm and the egg.

Jennifer:

If it's that extra

Dr. Morishita:

protein, extra protein, so instead of your bacon, maybe you got. Eggs and word.

Jennifer:

Oh, you're bad. If, if the infestation is that bad, is the bird treatable or would it be a hard coal?

Dr. Morishita:

You can try and treat'em, but you would always say that if you treat'em, if they have so many worms, intestine, it could ball up and they could die, right? So you have to tell people the risk. If your infection is so bad, then there's always a possibility that all the worms will die the same time when they get exposed to the drug and they'll form a little big bong of impaction in the intestines.

Jennifer:

Um. Okay, so the preventative to worms is space and clean ground and clean surroundings.

Dr. Morishita:

Yeah. So, you know, like let's say you keep your pastured poultry and cages and let's say you got a lot of worm. It's great that you start moving your little tractor around so that you have different spots. But, you have to know your worm load because if you contaminate all your soil, I mentioned that they live for a very long time, given good conditions. So when you come back there, they might get that infection again. So I guess traditionally, if you got a lot of worms, you should turn that topsoil over. Let's just try to reduce the numbers. Is this just chickens? But the best turkeys have this, they have a different round worm. The the chicken round worm is called Assia galli. The Turkey is assia delis. So they have the same kind of round worms. So the other thing too that you can do, like you don't know, like Carrie had asked about, you know what, first of all, we would do the flotation, but let's say. You don't have this microscope, how would you know you got worms or not? So what you could do is that if you happen to have a bird die, you could always cut open the intestines and look for the worms yourself, right? Mm-hmm. The only time you might not find it is that it's an early infection within two weeks after they ingest the worm egg. You might not see adult worms yet. But if you had just any animal that die, whether you take it to the diagnostic lab or you're curious yourself, you should always open the tested because you learn a lot more whether you've got this problem or not. Okay? So first thing, birds die. Just be know why they died and could be normal mortality, but open up the intestines in the best place to find worms. Is that if you go you'll see their intestines and you'll see like a duodenum, their pancreas in the in the center of their duodenum. And then you come down to the other intestines, and that's called the jejunum. And if you look carefully along the jejunum, you'll see this little fleshy tag called. Merkel's Diverticulum. That's the remnant of the yolk sack. And if you find that little fleshy tag and then it, the intestines after Merkel's, diverticulum comes the ileum and then the two secum. Okay, but find that Merkel's diverticulum because if you've got worms, they seem to be located at that site first. I've always found worms there. Round worms. Tape worms. So cut open that area. That's that Merkel's dive reticulum. And then you can see if you've got worms or not.'cause some people don't wanna cut open the whole intestines. So you will

Jennifer:

do that. What about ducks? Do ducks get them too waterfowl?

Dr. Morishita:

We don't really have too much of a problem. They can. They have their, probably their own worm. But it's not much of a problem that I see for ducks. Ducks seem to have more viral diseases. Gotcha. Or bacterial. And what about quail That are, but they, but like go Geese can have the tracheal worm, but they got a different genus compared to the chickens. And what did you say Quail?

Jennifer:

Yeah, quail kept in cages up

Dr. Morishita:

off the ground, off of the ground. Less likely the more your birds are off the ground, less likely worms. Gotcha. All right.

Jennifer:

Can we touch on blackhead for just a minute on exactly what it is?

Dr. Morishita:

Yes. And that's deals with a worm too? So black worm. Blackhead, also known as histamines, is caused by a protozoan called histo MEUs. So this protozoan is very smart. It doesn't live long in the environment, but it can live longer than environment if it's in. The egg of a seco worm. So Seco worm is a type of worm that is found in the secum of birds and it's, the worm's name is called Heus. And so this Heus who is located in the Secum if you have hiss it also. It is located in the secum of chickens and turkeys, and the seco worm ingests that, and this histo gets incorporated into the heus worm egg. So the heus is like an adult worm. It's shedding, its ovum into the ground. That's how, and so there's a worm egg and in it contains. Protosome and hiss. So when a chicken or Turkey comes along and they eat it, that's how they perpetuate infection. Now the interesting thing you should know when you talk about histo, while chickens can carry histamines, they don't show much. It's rare that they show clinical signs, but if you have chickens mixed with your. Turkeys or pheasants or p fowl or quail. Those chickens who are not affected by the hiss usually can give that infection and those other birds will show signs of hiss. And those birds will they say that they have sulfur color dropping, that's yellow color droppings, and then they just die suddenly when you open those birds up. The liver has crater like lesions in the liver, so it's like depressed, circular areas like a little volcano. And then their cecum, those two blind ends will be filled of this hardened pus. And we call that SQL cores. Okay. Because birds have hard puss, not liquid puss like mammals, and so that is histo. Now, histo, like I said, is very smart. It can survive in the environment inside the worm, the oum or the worm egg of the sequel worm, hetero acus. But his tis is also smart. Because earthworms that come along eat the seco worm in the soil and they can also cause, um, histo, if our turkeys powl, pheasants quail eat the earthworm, then they can get that the earthworm is ingested. The sequel worm comes out. And goes to the cecum, and then you got disease going in there with hiss. So hiss is a very complex parasite. It can have indirect host, which is the sequel worm host. It can have the earthworm as a transport host, transporting it in the environment, and it can also spread. In turkeys through direct ingestion. If somebody, an infect Burgess makes a poop, and then the Turkey eats that near there, they can get direct ingestion or by this process called claw drinking. That means their claw kind of averts on the ground where there's a poop, and then the protosome and parasite goes up that way now, so that. In a little nutshell is histo,

Jennifer:

is it a hundred percent fatal in turkeys

Dr. Morishita:

it, it usually is, and you don't really have any early signs that just die suddenly.

Jennifer:

Do wild birds carry all of these things too?

Dr. Morishita:

Wild birds. Ha can have their own worms. They have worms. They might have worms in the gizzard different types of worms. Not the one that we see in poultry.

Jennifer:

Okay, so wild birds flying over are not really an issue with worms? No. No. Gotcha.

Dr. Morishita:

More like mites. Gotcha. We're having a parasitic day.

Jennifer:

We are. I think you have answered all of our questions. Okay. Well, nope, there's one more. So is there any natural remedies you can do to help prevent worm loads?

Dr. Morishita:

I. I, you know, I'm, I'm gonna say like to prevent your worm loads is quarantine and inspecting your birds before you put it on the farm. That is the best thing that you can do and keep your farm healthy. There are some people that, and I don't know of any scientific evidence to prove that, but those that are trying to raise their birds organically, they use a di tenacious earth. You know, and hopefully that the ation or kind of breaks down the parasite.

Jennifer:

What about pumpkins and

Dr. Morishita:

squashes? I'm not sure of that. I know that some people have used it, but I eat a lot of pumpkin pie. I mean, I'm sure we all are.

Jennifer:

I think you have answered all of our questions. We will put the website to the medications in the description and on our website too.

Dr. Morishita:

I mean, I wouldn't treat it unless you, at your own risk, unless you were a veterinarian, that's fair. Yep.

Jennifer:

All right. Well, we appreciate you being here. Oh, oh nine.

Dr. Morishita:

Yeah. Somebody's gotta look up that.

Jennifer:

Yes. Yep. We'll find out before you come back next time.

Dr. Morishita:

Okay? Yeah.

Jennifer:

All right. Well thank you for joining us.

Dr. Morishita:

Okay. Have a good bye-Bye. Afternoon. Have some pumpkin pie and coffee.

Head Shot

Carey Blackmon

Co-host
Head Shot

Jennifer Bryant

Co-host

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